LINUX | Files | Directories | Programs | Expressions | Utilities | Shell Scripts
Programs are available in LINUX, such as text and email programs...
The pico program is a command line text editor. To start editing, enter the pico command, followed by the name of the new or existing file as the argument, then hit enter. The delete and arrows keys are used to move the cursor around...
Most commands use the control key...
control+g outputs help
control+x exits program
control+o writes file
control+j justifies text
control+y moves to previous page
control+v moves to next page
control+k cuts text
control+u pastes text
control+t checks spelling
The vi program is a command line word processor. To start editing, enter the vi command, followed by the name of the new or existing file as the argument, then hit enter. The delete and arrows keys are used to move the cursor around...
There are two vi operation modes...
Command mode is the default mode when vi opens. Commands in vi follow general syntax rules...
In insert mode, hit enter at the end of each line unless wrap margin is set.
u undos last edit
control+f scrolls down one screen
control+b scrolls up one screen
L moves cursor to last line of screen
H moves cursor to top line of screen
G moves cursor to end of file
1G moves cursor to beginning of file (1 specifies a line number)
:w writes file without quitting (hit enter)
:wq quits vi and writes file (hit enter)
:q! quits vi without writing file (hit enter)
The vi program can create a script file. A script file allows commands to be executed as a block. In insert mode, type each command on a separate line, then go to command mode to exit and write the file. The file is called up with the bash command. The commands in the file are then executed...
Tutorials for shell scripting are on the Scripting page.
There are two types of email programs...
All user agents use SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). A transfer agent uses POP (Post Office Protocol) or IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol). POP works best for offline email from a single host computer. IMAP works best with access from several computers to a single email host computer.
There are two kinds of email attachments...
LINUX provides two email programs...
The mail program is a basic command line email system. To send an email, enter the mail command, followed by the recipients email address, then hit enter...
After hitting enter, the Subject: field outputs to the screen. Type the subject header then hit enter. Type the body message then hit enter. Type a . period on a new line then hit enter to end the body message. The Cc prompt outputs to the screen. Type the Cc email address, or hit enter to send the message.
An attachment can be sent with the mail command using the < input redirect operator...
There is another method to using the mail program. To start, enter the mail command, followed by options and arguments, then hit enter. The text fields are declared in "quotes"...
Options for the mail command...
-s is Subject:
-c is Cc:
-b is Bcc:
Everything can be sent in one command line. The | vertical bar is the pipe operator for connecting multiple commands in a command statement...
The pine program is an advanced command line email system. To send an email, enter the pine command, followed by the recipient's email address, then hit enter...
After hitting enter, the To: field outputs to the screen with the receiving email address. The Cc:, Attachment:, Subject:, and Message: fields also output to the screen. The arrow keys are used to navigate and edit the fields. Type the body message in the Message: field. To cancel the message, hit control+c. When finished, hit control+x to send the email. Hit y to confirm.
The pine program has other email features and methods. To output the main menu, enter the pine command by itself. Hit c to compose a message, then edit the fields. For an attachment, add the name of a text file in the Attachment: field. If necessary, hit q to quit the pine program. Hit y to confirm.
